Sunday 30 September 2012

Season of the Cross - 3rd Sunday

Dear parishioners and friends of St Charbel’s Parish,

Welcome to this week's edition of Kadishat! In this edition, you will find a reflection about this week's gospel, our parish events and activities for this week and short biographies of St Therese and St Francis whose feast days we celebrate over the coming week. To read this week's edition of Kadishat, click on the link below:

Please click here to download the full Kadishat newsletter with Arabic translations.

The Pope in Lebanon
Last week, I returned from my short trip to Lebanon where I joined in welcoming His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI on his visit to our beloved country. The Pope have brought lots of happiness and hope to Lebanon and the Middle East. His Holiness stressed in his addresses that "peace will not come to the Middle East until its nations enjoy religious freedom, since only the free practice of faith can inspire the region's diverse peoples to unite around basic human values." We continue to pray for peace in the Middle East and for religious freedom for our Christian brothers and sisters.

While in Lebanon, the Holy Father also signed the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation of the Assembly for the Middle East of the Synod of Bishops, “The Catholic Church in the Middle East: Communion and Witness", which took place in the Vatican in October 2010. I encourage you all to read this message hoping that it will be guiding for all Christians in the Middle East and the world.


St Charbel's Annual Dinner
I would like to remind you about St Charbel's Annual Dinner scheduled to take place on the 13th of October 2012 at St Charbel's Multi-Purpose Hall. The aim of this fund raiser is to launch St Charbel's Nursing Home- a project that will benefit all our community.

Tickets are selling fast and we encourage you to book your tickets soon by contacting St Charbel's Monastery on 9740 0998.

I wish you all a blessed week by the intercession of St Therese and St Francis.

In God’s Love,
Fr. Dr. Antoine Tarabay

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20th Year—Number 1028 Sunday 30/09/2012
Season of the Cross
3rd Sunday

Sunday’s Readings: Philippi 3: 17-21 & 4:1 & Matthew 24: 23-31

The sign of the Son of man
“'If anyone says to you then, "Look, here is the Christ," or "Over here," do not believe it; for false Christs and false prophets will arise and provide great signs and portents, enough to deceive even the elect, if that were possible.

Look! I have given you warning. 'If, then, they say to you, "Look, he is in the desert," do not go there; "Look, he is in some hiding place," do not believe it; because the coming of the Son of man will be like lightning striking in the east and flashing far into the west. Wherever the corpse is, that is where the vultures will gather. 'Immediately after the distress of those days the sun will be darkened, the moon will not give its light, the stars will fall from the sky and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. And then the sign of the Son of man will appear in heaven; then, too, all the peoples of the earth will beat their breasts; and they will see the Son of man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. And he will send his angels with a loud trumpet to gather his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.”
Matthew 24: 23-31

Reflection of the Week
Are we prepared?
The gospel of today encourages and strengthens us with the conviction of Jesus’ return. It also reminds us in in a very forceful way that we must be prepared. The great question is not, "When is the Lord returning?" The question we should be concerned with is, "Are we prepared for His return?"

How do we prepare for the Lord’s return?
The best way to prepare for the second coming of Christ as Paul says is to “increase and abound in love for one another and for all” so that we “may be blameless before our God and Father at the coming of our Lord Jesus with all his saints” (1 Thessalonians 3:12-13). We should place God first in our lives and love our neighbour as ourselves. We should also in faith transform our weapons of war and destruction into instruments and tools of culture and construction.

The coming of the son of man
In our Lord's first coming, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, when He took up His residence among us, He came meek and lowly. He came to perform the obedience to the divine law of God for us. That obedience took Him to the cross, where He suffered and died for our sins. He came the first time doing the will of the Father and, so to speak, there was not even a little twitch in the world. Apart from the heavenly angels over the fields of Bethlehem, and a handful of shepherds, no one took notice. Rome and Caesar considered it to be simply another day as usual. People ate, drank, washed, and went to bed.

But when our Master comes again, heaven will be shaken, stars shall fall. The sun shall not give her light, earth shall be broken on her foundations and mountains cast into the sea. For He shall appear as the Lord of glory. And you shall know Him, the One who suffered and died and rose again and to whom you belong now by His grace.

When Jesus comes, it will be glorious. It is the moment for which we are being prepared. It is the moment for which we have been saved.

Are you ready?
He shall come upon the clouds. The clouds in Scripture are often a symbol of the presence and majesty of God. God led Israel by a pillar of cloud by day and fire by night which He put between Israel and Egypt to protect Israel. It was the cloud which was a figure of His own glory as He descended upon the tabernacle.

Christ's coming will be majestic. Against the darkness of the sky - for the sun shall not shine. The Son of man in all of His beauty and power shall appear. That is why every eye shall see Him. They shall see Him in power, the very opposite of weakness. They shall see Him in glory, the outshining of all of His perfections

Is that your hope? 
Are you living in such a way that you are ready now? Then hear His word. Christ says, "I come. I come to be glorified in you. I will never forget you. I have chosen to dwell with you to all eternity. And soon, now, very soon, I come." Do you hear Him?

If you aren't "eagerly awaiting His return" perhaps you love this present world too much. The Bible tells us that "if anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him" (1 John 2:16). But when you don't love the world, your heart will be set upon the things above and you will "eagerly await" His return. Please evaluate your heart this morning.

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Saints of the Week

St Therese of the Child Jesus
Doctor of the Church
01 October 2012
Born to a pious middle-class French family of tradesmen; daughter of Blessed Louis Martin and Blessed Marie-Azelie Guérin Martin, and all four of her sisters became nuns. Her mother died when Francoise-Marie was only four, and the family moved to Lisieux, Normandy, France to be closer to family. Cured from an illness at age eight when a statue of the Blessed Virgin smiled at her. Educated by the Benedictine nuns of Notre-Dame-du-Pre. Confirmed there at age eleven.

Just before her 14th birthday she received a vision of the Child Jesus; she immediately understood the great sacrifice that had been made for her, and developed an unshakeable faith. Tried to join the Carmelites, but was turned down due to her age.

Pilgrim to Rome at for the Jubilee of Pope Leo XIII whom she met and who knew of her desire to become a nun. Joined the Carmelites at Lisieux on 9 April 1888 at age 15, taking her final vow on 8 September 1890 at age 17. Known by all for her complete devotion to spiritual development and to the austerities of the Carmelite rule. Due to health problems resulting from her ongoing fight with tuberculosis, her superiors ordered her not to fast. Novice mistress at age 20. At age 22 she was ordered by her prioress to begin writing her memories and ideas, which material would turn into the book History of a Soul. Therese defined her path to God and holiness as The Little Way, which consisted of child-like love and trust in God. She had an ongoing correspondence with Carmelite missionaries in China, often stating how much she wanted to come work with them. Many miracles attributed to her. Declared a Doctor of the Church in 1997 by Pope John Paul II.
  
St Francis of Assisi,
04 October 2012
Son of Pietro Bernadone, a rich cloth merchant. Though he had a good education and became part of his father‘s business, he also had a somewhat misspent youth.

Street brawler and part-time soldier. Captured during a conflict between Assisi and Perugia, Italy, he spent over a year as a prisoner of war. During this time he had a conversion experience, including a reported message from Christ calling him to leave this worldly life. Upon release, Francis began taking his faith seriously.

He took the Gospels as the rule of his life, Jesus Christ as his literal example. He dressed in rough clothes, begged for his sustenance, and preached purity and peace. His family disapproved, and his father disinherited him; Francis formally renounced his wealth and inheritance. He visited hospitals, served the sick, preached in the streets, and took all men and women as siblings. He began to attract followers in 1209, and with papal blessing, founded the Franciscans based on a simple statment by Jesus: “Leave all and follow me.” In 1212 Clare of Assisi became his spiritual student, which led to the founding of the Poor Clares.

Visited and preached to the Saracens. Composedsongs and hymns to God and nature. Lived with animals, worked with his hands, cared for lepers, cleaned churches, and sent food to thieves. In 1221 he resigned direction of the Franciscans.

While in meditation on Mount Alvernia in the Apennines in September 1224, Francis received the stigmata, which periodically bled during the remaining two years of his life. This miracle has a separate memorial on 17 September.

In the Middle Ages people who believed to be possessed by Beelzebub especially called upon the intercession of Saint Francis, the theory being that he was the demon‘s opposite number in heaven.

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The Maronitesand Lebanon (30)
The Maronite spirituality (2)
~ MARONITE ORIGINS ~

A brief overview of Syriac Maronite historical roots is needed to appreciate this spirituality. Too often the eastern churches are confused and misidentified as one and the same-the Syriac tradition is conflated with the Byzantine tradition. While the churches of the Catholic Church (eastern and western) are one in creedal formula, the seven sacraments and communion with the successor of Peter, these twenty-two churches are diverse and unique. They evolve from six major rites: those of Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Constan-tinople, Rome and Armenia.

By “rite” here is meant a universal community of faith having a distinct tradition, founded by an apostle or successor, guided by an autonomous hierarchy, by which various people have been converted to and nurtured by the teachings of Jesus Christ, Each of these 22 catholic churches then is rooted in a patriarchal tradition, and enjoys its own specific expression of theology, spirituality, liturgy and lay.

The Syriac Maronite church is the development and integration of three influential geographical centers:

1) Antioch a center of commerce and communication in West Syria, of Syriac and Greek influence. This biblical school of typology used “types” of the Old Testament and images of the New Testament rather than philosophical speculation to probe the mystery of God. hence the Maronite’s central focus on and significant use of sacred scripture.

2) Edessa - a prominent city where Saint Ephrem lived in ancient Mesopotamia, a center of Jewish culture and Syriac poetry. Both influenced the prayer and hymnody of the Maronite church. Speaking of and praying to God requires, in the mind of this theological school, the primal language of poetry. A Syriac scholar, Joseph Amar, writers:”Syriac-speaking Christians felt compelled to wed their unutterable vision to beautiful words..... It is not enough to merely express their profound faith, it was also necessary to express it in a profoundly poetical way.”

3) Mt. Lebanon - a region in the Middle East of Lebanese culture. It provided a haven for Saint Maron’s monastic way of life exemplified by austerity, simplicity and detachment. Maron, a fourth century priest and hermit, lived a vision of life, prayer and asceticism which inspired and nurtured his followers. Hence Maronite culture, worship and traditions mandate alertness for the second coming of the Lover of humankind.

 Next Sunday: The Maronite Liturgy


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Sunday 23 September 2012

Season of the Cross - 2nd Sunday

Dear parishioners and friends of St Charbel’s Parish,

Welcome to this week’s edition of Kadishat, St Charbel’s Parish weekly newsletter!

This week, we read from Matthew 24:1-14 where Jesus warns His followers that they will be confronted with persecution, wickedness, false teaching, and temptation. The real enemy is Satan who uses fear and hatred to provoke hostility in others towards those who follow Christ. And how does Jesus respond to this hostility and opposition? He responds with love and truth. As such, Jesus tells us that only love can vanquish all vices.

Together, we pray "Lord, by your cross you have redeemed the world. Fill us with happiness and confidence and make us bold witnesses of Your saving truth that others may know the happiness and freedom of the Gospel."

To read this week’s Kadishat, please click on the link below:

Please click here to download the full Kadishat newsletter with Arabic translation.

St Charbel's Annual Dinner
I would like to invite you all to St Charbel's Annual Dinner which will be held on 13 October 2012 at St Charbel's Multi-Purpose Hall. All funds raised on the night will go towards the launch of our new project, St Charbel's Nursing Home. This is a much-needed project for our community so we count on your support to see it through.

Tickets are $75 per person. To get your tickets or sponsor the event, please contact the Monastery on 9740 0998.
We are also holding a raffle on a 2012 Ford Fiesta. Tickets are $5 each and are available at the parish office.

I entrust you all to the care of Our Lady and wish you a blessed week!

In God’s Love,
Fr. Dr. Antoine Tarabay

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20th Year—Number 1027 Sunday 23/09/2012
Season of the Cross
1st Sunday

Sunday’s Readings: 1 Corinthians 15: 19-34 & Matthew 24: 1-14

With the increase of lawlessness, 
love in most people will grow cold

“ Jesus left the Temple and as he was going away his disciples came up to draw his attention to the Temple buildings. He said to them in reply, 'You see all these? In truth I tell you ،not a single stone here will be left on another: everything will be pulled down.' And while he was sitting on the Mount of Olives the disciples came and asked him when they were by themselves, 'Tell us, when is this going to happen and what sign will there be of your coming and of the end of the world?' And Jesus answered them 'Take care that no one deceives you because many will come using my name and saying "I am the Christ " and they will deceive many.

You will hear of wars and rumours of wars; see that you are not alarmed for this is something that must happen but the end will not be yet. For nation will fight against nation and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines and earthquakes in various places. All this is only the beginning of the birthpangs. 'Then you will be handed over to be tortured and put to death; and you will be hated by all nations on account of my name. And then many will fall away; people will betray one another and hate one another. Many false prophets will arise; they will deceive many and with the increase of lawlessness love in most people will grow cold; but anyone who stands firm to the end will be saved. 'This good news of the kingdom will be proclaimed to the whole world as evidence to the nations. And then the end will come.” Mat-thew 24: 1-14.



Reflection of the Week 
In today’s Gospel, there are five signs that Jesus wants us to understand, and in each case he's saying that this will happen, but it's not the end. We must not allow ourselves to be deceived or thrown off track, to give up our faith or our focus, to quit our responsibilities.


Deceptive voices
Many false prophets will appear and deceive many people. Many in today's world are harder to identify. Many voices today offer us the promise of financial security. They point to a way of obtaining spiritual authority or personal power. They claim to know the place of power, to have the secret to success. Having turned away from the truth, people will follow anyone who speaks with authority and promises to help solve their problems and give meaning to daily life. Jesus issues the warning: "Don't be deceived."

Wars and rumours of wars
Wars will always happen. But this doesn't mean that God has lost control. Jesus is saying that this is not indicative of the end of everything.

Natural disasters
Famines, earthquakes, and outbreaks of disease have been with us since the beginning of time. They are with us today and will be with us tomorrow. These things, bad as they are, do not in themselves point to the Last Days. They are like “birth pangs” or labour pains. There are people who view such things and give up their faith.

Persecution
There are many numbers of ways and reasons that real faith is persecuted. But Jesus is saying persecution doesn't mean that the world has spun out of control, that God has lost his love for us or his ability to protect and care for his own. It doesn't mean that the end is about to happen and we should throw off all other responsibilities.


Love grown cold
It is the ones who deliberately violate and challenge God's truths, who harden themselves in their lawlessness, who worship only themselves, who lose all humility - those are the people whose love grows cold. But even that is not a sign that the world has spun out of God's control.

Is our love growing cold?
Do you have the same passion and love for Jesus which we had when we believed? What is the condition of our hearts now? Jesus says that love of most will grow cold. Also the reason given is increase in wickedness. How true is that? It's very much true. Many times we turn to every side and what we see is wickedness. Constant exposure to wickedness will slowly take us away from fellowship we enjoy with God.

Let's not allow the wickedness around us to make us cold but rather stand firm till the end so that we will be saved.

The choice is ours
The choice we have when faced with an earthquake or warfare or betrayal, when the light grows dim, when the world is confusing, when hearts get hard, when there is opposition, is to move toward the gospel or away from it. We can let the circumstances dominate our thinking and remove ourselves from active faith in God, or we can say under the most difficult circumstances, "I need God more than ever."

We are saved by faith in Christ
In a world where the love of many grows cold toward God, it is the Christian who endures in the faithfulness of Christ to the end that is saved. This means that we are not saved by our own righteousness or good works, but that by faith in Christ we daily and consistently rest in Him and work in his strength his righteousness until He returns.

If Jesus comes today, will you be ready? If He comes tomorrow, will you be ready? If He comes in your lifetime, will you be ready?

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Saints of the Week

Saint Thecla, Martyr (+110)
Maronite Feast Day: September 24

Saint Thecla is the first virgin martyr in the Church. She was born a pagan to a wealthy family around the time of Paul’s preaching. She converted to Christianity at the age of eighteen after hearing Paul preach about the virtue of virginity and following Jesus. At the time she was engaged to be married, but gave up all desire to marry and decided to follow Paul. She renounced marriage and devoted her life as a virgin for Christ.

When Thecla’s family and fiancé knew that she had converted to Christianity and had dedicated her life as a virgin for Christ, refusing to many, they reported her to the governor who ordered that she be burned at the stake. When the fire was lit, Thecla walked courageously toward it, making the Sign of the Cross. Suddenly a strong wind blew and heavy rain poured down that extinguished the fire. People were frightened and went home, and Thecla was not harmed. She was then thrown to the lions but the animals did not harm her. Thecla died in Seleucia at the age of 80. She was buried there and a church was built over her tomb and dedicated to her.




Saint John the Evangelist, Apostle (+100)
Maronite Feast Day: September 26
Saint John was one of Jesus’ apostles and was called “The Beloved.” His name translates from the Hebrew to mean, “The Lord is merciful.” It is a long held tradition that he is the author of author of the second and third epistles of John and the author of the Book of Revelation. He was the only one of the twelve apostles to live into old age and not be martyred for the faith. He is associated with Ephesus where it is believed he lived and died.

John was the son of Zebedee and Salome, and the brother of James the Greater. In the Gospels the two brothers are often called after their father "the sons of Zebedee" and received from Christ the honourable title of “Boanerges,” i.e. "sons of thunder" (Mark 3:17). Originally they were fishermen and fished with their father in the Lake of Genesareth. It is probable that the two may have been disciples of John the Baptist before being called by Christ to follow him. At his death on Calvary, Jesus so cared for this apostle that he entrusted to him his mother, Mary.

Saint Vincent De Paul (+1660)
Maronite Feast Day: September 27
Saint Vincent De Paul was born in France to a peasant family. He studied humanities and graduated in theology in Toulouse. He was ordained a priest in 1600 and remained in Toulouse.
Later he went to Marseille for an inheritance. On his way back from Marseille, he was taken captive by Turkish pirates to Tunis, and sold into slavery. After converting his owner to Christianity, Vincent de Paul was freed in 1607.

Vincent returned to France and served as priest in a parish near Paris. He was distressed to find that many babies were brought to Notre Dame by parents unable to care for them. Accordingly, he established a home for these foundlings.

He founded many charitable organizations such as Congregation of the Daughters of Charity, with Louise de Marillac, and the Congregation of Priests of the Mission (Lazarists).
 
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The Maronites and Lebanon (28) 
The Maronite spirituality (1)
A Journey in the In-Seeing

Now, as we have finished the Journey of the Maronites thought history and outlined briefly their authentic and fundamental relation with the existence of Lebanon, we will be referencing The Word magazine again for putting some light on the Maronites spirituality which is in essence a school of worship and meditation.

Syriac Maronite spirituality offers a vision of life. For a Maronite Christian, daily living includes awakening to God, feeling wonder and experiencing awe of the world seen. The Maronite is never too busy living to notice life, for creation is more than the surface of what is seen and experienced. It is a mani-festation of divine love, a celebration of divine life and an encounter with God.

Maronite spirituality is a process of being single-minded on the Lord. Saint Ephrem uses the expression “luminous eye.” that is, viewing life from the perspective of its origin, identity and destiny. The incompleteness of daily living and the hunger for more call the searcher to see beyond his daily living and to take notice of his life becoming Christ like.

The Maronite hallmark of a spiritually awakened person is luminous vision.

For a Maronite Christian, it is not enough to provide a living; one must live in communion with God who is the center of all that is. Such a life heightens awareness of the sacredness of life, and deepens appreciation for the dignity of every living thing as a reflection of God.

Humanity is made in the image of God and grows daily in the likeness of Christ. As Saint Irenaeus noted: “The glory of God is man fully alive.” In a Maronite sense, when we do what we do with luminous vision we see beyond the ordinariness of life and thereby encounter God; (John 10:10). At the same time, the Maronite voice prophetically advocates and contributes to the ultimate fulfillment of the universe which is Christ centered.

Next Sunday:
The Maronite spirituality (2)
The Origin

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Sunday 16 September 2012

Season of the Cross - 1st Sunday

Dear parishioners and friends of St Charbel’s Parish,

His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI is in Lebanon!
This is a time of great happiness and hope for our country and all the Lebanese people throughout the world. His Holiness will be celebrating mass in Beirut on Sunday 16 September. We pray that this event will bear good fruits in Lebanon and all the Middle East leading to a true spring characterised by peace and prosperity. We also pray for the Holy Father and for the Catholic Church everywhere.

Season of the Cross
As we enter into the Season of the Holy Cross, we remember what St Paul tells us, “The message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.” (1 Cor 1:18) All righteousness, holiness and redemption stems from God. We keep our eyes and our hearts focused on the cross, instrument of our salvation.

To read more about this week’s Gospel and other events in Kadishat, please click the link below:

Please click here to download the full Kadishat newsletter with Arabic translation.
St Charbel's Annual Dinner
I would also like to remind you that St Charbel's Annual Dinner will be held on 13 October 2012 at St Charbel's Multi-Purpose Hall. All funds raised on the night will go towards the launch of our new project, St Charbel's Nursing Home. This is a much-needed project for our community so we count on your support to see it through. Tickets are $75 per person. To get your tickets, please contact the Monastery on 9740 0998. I wish you all a safe week!

In God’s Love,
Fr. Dr. Antoine Tarabay

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20th Year—Number 1026 Sunday 16/09/2012
Season of the Cross
1st Sunday

Sunday’s Readings: 2 Timothy 2: 1-10 & Mark 10: 35-45

Among you this is not to happen.
“James and John, the sons of Zebedee, approached him. 'Master,' they said to him, 'We want you to do us a favour.' He said to them, 'What is it you want me to do for you?' They said to him, 'Allow us to sit one at your right hand and the other at your left in your glory.' But Jesus said to them, 'You do not know what you are asking. 

Can you drink the cup that I shall drink, or be baptised with the baptism with which I shall be baptised?' They replied, 'We can.' Jesus said to them, 'The cup that I shall drink you shall drink, and with the baptism with which I shall be baptised you shall be baptised, but as for seats at my right hand or my left, these are not mine to grant; they belong to those to whom they have been allotted.' 

When the other ten heard this they began to feel indignant with James and John, so Jesus called them to him and said to them, 'You know that among the gentiles those they call their rulers lord it over them, and their great men make their authority felt. Among you this is not to happen. No; anyone who wants to become great among you must be your servant, and anyone who wants to be first among you must be slave to all. For the Son of man himself came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.'.” Mark 10: 35-45
Reflection of the Week

"You don't know what you're asking."
In today’s Gospel James and John, who are brothers, ask Jesus for a big favour. They want the premium seats, the ones right beside Jesus, when he finally is enthroned as king. They have a strong desire for prestige position and power.

The other ten disciples are no better. They become angry at James and John because they also want the best seats. They also want power and all of them miss the point about the kingship of Jesus. Jesus' response is one of variously humour, surprise and compassion that they have not understood what he is doing: "You don't know what you're asking."
 
His explanation is to ask them a question about whether they are ready to drink the cup that he drinks and to be baptized with his baptism. It is the cup of suffering that Jesus is describing to James and John, and the baptism is the baptism of suffering.
 
Leadership
We often associate leadership with fame, wealth, status, and privilege. This is as true for us today as it was for Jesus at that time. No one expected the messiah to be born in a stable. Jesus, in his life and death, turns the tables and reveals that greatness grows in us through service to others; privilege is granted to those who privilege others before themselves and who are willing to serve others. We all should be ready to lose our fame, prestige and position and even our lives if we wish to keep them.
May our lives and our work be living sacrifices in the service of a God who loves and values us all, and a holy community in which human greatness is expressed through the generous sharing of our hands, the gentle embrace of our arms, and the loving touching of hearts. Amen.
 
The world today is desperate for leaders who recognize God's blessing in their own lives. The world needs leaders who are brave and have the courage to bless the people and the world around them through their humble service and sacrifice.
 
The sign of the cross
We made the Sign of the Cross before prayer which helps to fix our minds and hearts to God. After prayer we make the Sign of the Cross to keep close to God. During trials and temptations our strength and protection is the Sign of the Cross. At Baptism we are sealed with the Sign of the Cross, signifying the fullness of redemp-tion and that we belong to Christ. Let us look to the cross frequently, and realize that when we make the Sign of the Cross we give our entire self to God — mind, soul, heart, body, will, thoughts.
 
Ref: catholicculture.org

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Thought of the Week

All are called to make of their lives a living sacrifice in collaboration with God in building the holy community, or kingdom of God, on earth. This passage seems to suggest, however, that only a few are prepared and equipped to give up their lives in that service, as Jesus did.

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“Under the sign of peace”

“My apostolic visit to Lebanon, and by extension to the Middle East as a whole, 
is placed under the sign of peace”

On the eve of his departure, Pope Benedict XVI has clearly stated the aim of this his 24th foreign visit:
 
“Dear pilgrims, those of you here, or who are taking part in the Angelus through radio or television; in the coming days, I will make an apostolic visit to Lebanon to sign the Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation, fruit of the Special Assembly for the Middle East of the Synod of Bishops, held in October 2010. I will have the happy opportunity to meet with the Lebanese people and authorities, and the Christians of that beloved country and those from neighboring countries. I am aware of the often dramatic situation experienced by the people of this region, too long torn apart by incessant conflicts. I understand the anguish of many Middle Eastern people immersed in daily sufferings of all kinds, which sadly, and at times mortally, plague their personal and family life. My concerned thoughts go out to those who, in search of a place of peace, leave their family and professional life, and experience the precariousness of being exiles. Even though the search for solutions to the various problems affecting the region seems difficult, we can not resign ourselves to the violence and exasperation of tensions. A commitment to dialogue and reconciliation must be a priority for all parties involved, and must be supported by the international community, increasingly aware of the importance of a stable and lasting peace in the region for the whole world. My apostolic visit to Lebanon, and by extension in the Middle East as a whole, is placed under the sign of peace, referring to the words of Christ: "My peace I give to you" (John 14:27). 
 
 

May God bless Lebanon and the Middle East! May God bless you all!


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The Maronites and Lebanon (28)
The independence

The Allies were victorious in WWI, the Ottoman Empire abolished, and France was entrusted with the Mandate over Lebanon and Syria.
 
The Birth of Today's LebanonEvery one of the Maronite Patriarchs knew his mission as an Apostle of peace. His presence could be felt everywhere, supporting every effort for the public good and opposing injustice. All the Lebanese would trust him, for they knew he could be relied on as working for national unity and independence. 

In 1919, patriarch Elias HOAYEK was delegated by the Lebanese people to go to the Peace Conference at Versailles, and to demand independence on their behalf. The Patriarch went to Versailles explained the problems of Lebanon, negotiated effectively, and accomplished his mission. He thus put the future of Lebanon on a firm footing and obtained satisfaction for the national aspirations.
 
In the first half of 1920, Lebanese territory was claimed as part of the Arab Kingdom of Syria, but shortly the Franco-Syrian War resulted in Arab defeat and capitulation of the Hashemites.

On 1 September 1920, France re-established Greater Lebanon after the Moutasarrifiya rule removed several regions belonging to the Principality of Lebanon and gave them to Syria,. the proclamation happened in Beirut, which included Mount Lebanon, the Beka'a, Wadi el-Taym, Jabal Amel, Sur, Saida, Beirut and Tripoli
 
Lebanon was a largely Christian (mainly Maronite territory with some Greek Orthodox enclaves), Starting in 1922, the Lebanese elected a local Representative Council, which drew up the Lebanese Constitution under French supervision. 

On 1 September 1926, France formed the Lebanese Republic. the constitution was adopted on 25 May 1926 establishing a democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government.
 
After the fighting ended in Lebanon between the UK plus free France forces and Vichy government in WWII, General Charles de Gaulle visited the area. Under political pressure from both inside and outside Lebanon, de Gaulle recognized the independence of Lebanon. 

Elections were held in 1943 and on 8 November 1943 the new Lebanese government unilaterally abolished the mandate. The French reacted by throwing the new government into prison. In the face of international pressure, the French released the government officials on 22 November 1943 and recognized the independence of Lebanon.
 
Maronite villagers building a church in Mount Lebanon, 1920

Next Sunday:
The Maronite spirituality

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Sunday 9 September 2012

Season of the Pentecost - 16th Sunday

Dear parishioners and friends of St Charbel’s Parish,

Happy Feast Day of the Nativity of Our Lady! Mary, Mother of God, is the only woman conceived without original sin. Only a person so perfect could bear the Son of God in Her womb. We ask for Her prayers and intercessions today and always. May She always lead us closer to Her Son.

Sunday’s Gospel
This week, we read from the Gospel of St Luke the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector. This parable contrasts two different men with two different attitudes and two different prayers. The Pharisee corresponds to the self-righteous, merciless worshipper of the law, and the tax collector exemplifies the humble sinner. Both are sinners, although the outward form of their sins differs. The Pharisee prays as one who needs no forgiveness, and he got none while the tax collector prays as one is need of forgiveness, and he receives it.

May we always learn to be humble and ask for God’s mercy. May we commit ourselves to seek God in our lives and live our faith truthfully.

To read more about this week’s Gospel and our events, pleas click on the link below:
Please click here to download the full Kadishat newsletter.
Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
On the 14th of September, we celebrate the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. This feast was observed in Rome before the end of the seventh century. It commemorates the recovery of the Holy Cross that was returned to Jerusalem by Emperor Heralius in 629. Let us look to the cross frequently, and realize that when we make the Sign of the Cross we give our entire self to God: mind, soul, heart, body, will, thoughts. May we also remember that the Cross is the sign of our salvation with which our Saviour triumphed over the sin of the world.

Mass times at St Charbel’s are as follows:
Thursday 13 September: 11am (Arabic), 6pm (English), 7pm (English)
Friday     14 September : 7.30am (Arabic) and 6pm (Arabic)

The Pope in to Lebanon
As you may be aware, His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI will be visiting Lebanon from the 14th to the 16th of September. Christians and Muslims in the Middle East are praying for the success of this event. We join our prayers to theirs hoping that this peace will be brought to Lebanon and all the area. Pope Benedict’s message of unity and peace is urgently needed in our homeland and all the countries of the Middle East.

I wish you all a safe weekend and a blessed week!

In God’s Love,
Fr. Dr. Antoine Tarabay

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20th Year—Number 1025 Sunday 09/09/2012
Season of the Pentecost
16th Sunday

Sunday’s Readings: Roma 8: 18-27 & Luke 18: 9-14

God, be merciful to me, a sinner
“He also told this parable to some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous and regarded others with contempt: ‘Two men went up to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax-collector. The Pharisee, standing by himself, was praying thus, "God, I thank you that I am not like other people: thieves, rogues, adulterers, or even like this tax-collector. I fast twice a week; I give a tenth of all my income." But the tax-collector, standing far off, would not even look up to heaven, but was beating his breast and saying, "God, be merciful to me, a sinner!" I tell you, this man went down to his home justified rather than the other; for all who exalt themselves will be humbled, but all who humble themselves will be exalted.’” Luke 18: 9-14
 

Reflection of the Week

The humble heart is heard by God
The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector contrasts two different men with two different attitudes and two different prayers. The Pharisee corresponds to the self-righteous, merciless worshipper of the law, and the tax collector exemplifies the humiliated lawbreaker. Both are sinners, although the outward form of their sins differs. The Pharisee pray as one who needed no forgiveness, and got none while the tax collector pray as one needed for-giveness, and he received it.
 
The Pharisee
The Pharisee glories in what he is ("I am not like other men"), what he does ("I fast twice a week"), and what he gives ("I give tithes of all that I possess"). Self is a noticeable feature of his prayer—he uses the personal pronoun "I" five times—showing his great obsession with himself. He does not pray for others, and he has no interest in them other than to point out their faults. His prayer shows that he thinks of God as being impressed with pettiness and severity. These are unforgivable sins to the Pharisee.

People like the Pharisee trust in their own works to gain salvation and eternal life, not trusting in Jesus Christ for them. They do not really think they need His sacrifice or help because they think they are good enough in themselves.

The tax collector
The tax collector humbles himself before God, pleading for mercy, and in the end, he receives exaltation. In Proverbs 27:2, Solomon expresses the principle of this parable: "Let another man praise you, and not your own mouth; a stranger, and not your own lips." This principle works in all facets of life, but most people cannot see it at work because they see no reward for humbly working behind the scenes.

Humility
Humility also results in praise in two ways. First it results in praise to God. For while a proud self-righteous person brings down God's standard of holiness to a level he feels that he has achieved, the humble does not do so. The humble worships in spirit and in truth, but the proud in the flesh and in lies. And while the proud have no mercy on the humble, the humble acknowledge their God as being merciful.

Secondly, it results in praise from God to the humble. For He appreciates an honest person more than one caught up in self-deception though he appear clean on the outside. And it is innate within righteous men to treat each other likewise. Practically all the great men of the Bible went through times of humiliation, which developed humility in them and which resulted in praise in the long term. "He must increase and I must decrease" John 3:30

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 Think About
A humble and contrite spirit is necessary for true and effective prayer. Pride is the enemy of prayer; pride and vanity and confidence in self, will hobble the soul of man and make him, like the Pharisee in this parable, powerless in prayer

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14th September
Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross
Readings:
1 corintians 1: 18-25 & John 12: 20-32

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Saint of the Week

14 September
Feast of the Triumph of the Cross.

On the Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross (or Triumph of the Cross) we honor the Holy Cross by which Christ redeemed the world. The public veneration of the Cross of Christ originated in the fourth century, according to early accounts. The miraculous discovery of the cross on September 14, 326, by Saint Helen, mother of Constantine, while she was on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, is the origin of the tradition of celebrating the Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross on this date.

Saint Helen razed the Temple of Aphrodite, which tradition held was built over the Savior's tomb, and her son built the Basilica of the Holy Sepulcher over the tomb. During the excavation, workers found three crosses. Legend has it that the one on which Jesus died was identified when its touch healed a dying woman.

The cross immediately became an object of veneration. At a Good Friday celebration in Jerusalem toward the end of the fourth century, according to an eyewitness, the wood was taken out of its silver container and placed on a table together with the inscription Pilate ordered placed above Jesus' head: Then "all the people pass through one by one; all of them bow down, touching the cross and the inscription, first with their foreheads, then with their eyes; and, after kissing the cross, they move on."

To this day the Eastern Churches, Catholic and Orthodox alike, celebrate the Exaltation of the Holy Cross on the September anniversary of the basilica's dedication. The feast entered the Western calendar in the seventh century after Emperor Heraclius recovered the cross from the Persians, who had carried it off in 614, 15 years earlier. According to the story, the emperor intended to carry the cross back into Jerusalem himself, but was unable to move forward until he took off his imperial garb and became a barefoot pilgrim.


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The Maronites and Lebanon (27) The Ottomans era (6)
The end of the Ottomans era

Ten Patriarchs have used Dimane as a summer residence and Bkerki as a winter one: Youssef HOBAISH of Sahel Alma (1823-1845), Youssef EL KHAZEN of Ajaltoun (1845-1854), Boulos MASSAD of Ashkout (1854-1890), Hanna EL HAJJ of Dlebta (1890-1898), Elias HOAYEK of Hilta (1898-1931), Antoun Arida of Bsharri (1932-1955), Boulos MEOUSHI of Jezzine (1955-1975), Anthony KHORAISH of Ain Ibl (1975-1986), Nasrallah SFEIR of Reyfoun (1986-2011) and Bechara Al Raii (2011) after the resignation of Patriarch Sfeir.

All these Patriarchs bore a heavy burden of responsibility, working for the unity of their flock. Their main concern has been the independence of Lebanon.

The early part of the 19th century was dominated by acts of aggression by the Druze against the Christians which culminated in the deaths of many thousands of Christians at the hands of the Druze with Turkish assistance in the Massacres of 1840-1860 which were finally halted in July 1860 when the great powers finally decided to act, France taking the initiative by dispatching 7,000 troops. The Ottomans fearing this intervention, sent their foreign minister, Fuad Pasha, to Lebanon ahead of the French and put an end to the violence. The French troops landed in Beirut in August 1860.

On October 5, 1860, an international commission composed of France, Britain, Austria, Prussia, and the Ottoman Empire met to investigate the causes of the events of 1860 and to recommend a new administrative and judicial system for Lebanon that would prevent the recurrence of such events. The commission members agreed that the partition of Mount Lebanon in1842 between Druze and Christians had been respon-sible for the massacre. Hence, in the Statute of June 9, 1861 Lebanon reunited under a non-Lebanese Christian mutasarrif (governor) ap-pointed by the Ottoman sultan, with the approval of the European pow-ers. The mutasarrif was to be assisted by an administrative council of twelve members from the various religious communities in Lebanon. Maronite nationalists strongly objected to a non-Lebanese governor and insisted on self rule.

This Statute which was revised on September 6,1864 and also adhered to by Italy in1867 recognized and guaranteed the autonomy of Lebanon, but not the Lebanon of Fakhr-al-Din and Bashir, but one stripped of its maritime and inter-mountain plains with their cities and reduced to its mountainous region. Only Mount Lebanon was to be out of the Ottoman grasp. The leading signatory, Turkey, cherished the conviction that Leba-non, without its ports, cities, and plains was unviable and could not sur-vive. Turkey was wrong, despite the mutasarrifs being totally incompe-tent, Lebanon, thanks to the efforts of its inhabitants, not only survived, but registered a record of prosperity, security, and progress that made it the envy of the provinces of the Ottoman empire. Lebanon's neighbours found expression in the saying 'Happy is he who owns but a goat's enclo-sure in Lebanon.'

This situation lasted till the World War I when a blockade was imposed on the Lebanese Mountains and hundreds of thousands starved. The Church opened its doors to the poor. During this period, Lebanon suf-fered more than any other Ottoman province, estimation of 120,000 persons lost their lives that was over one third of its population to slow and painful deaths.

Relief for Lebanon came in September1918 when the British general Edmund Allenby and Faysal I, son of Sharif Husayn of Mecca, moved into Palestine with British and Arab forces, thus opening the way for the liberation of Lebanon and Syria.

 Cedars of Lebanon as it is portrayed during the Mutasarifieh period

Next Sunday: The independence

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Sunday 2 September 2012

Season of the Pentecost - 15th Sunday

Dear parishioners and friends of St Charbel’s Parish,

Firstly, a Happy Father’s Day to all the fathers and grandfathers! And a Happy Father’s Day also to all my brothers, the priests and monks, who are spiritual fathers to many souls! May Our Lord bless you and keep all fathers safe!

SCYA Annual Dinner
It was so beautiful seeing over 500 young people gathered at The Bellevue last friday night for St Charbel’s Youth Dinner to support our youth association. The night was a big success with great entertainment and a beautiful crowd. Thank you to all the sponsors, donators and to all who came and supported this event.

Feast of the Birth of Our Lady
On the 8th of September, we celebrate the Feast of the Nativity of Our Lady. We recall the birth of the woman chosen by God from the beginning of time to bear His Son and bring life to the world. Through Mary, salvation was made possible. We honour Our Lady on that day and every day asking for Her intercessions and prayers for us before God.

This Week’s Gospel
In this week’s Gospel we read about the sinful woman who washed Jesus’ feet with ointment and her tears while He was in the house of Simon the Pharisee (Luke 7:36-50). This sinful woman opened her heart to Jesus and by doing that she was moved to repent for her sins. May we, like this woman, open our hearts to welcome Our Lord into them.

To read our newsletter for this week, please click on the link below:
Please click here to download the full Kadishat newsletter with Arabic translation.
Have a good week! May Our Lord bless you the intercession of Our Lady!

In God’s Love,
Fr. Dr. Antoine Tarabay

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20th Year—Number 1024 Sunday 02/09/2012
Season of the Pentecost
15th Sunday

Sunday’s Readings: 1 Thessalonians 1: 1-10 & Luke 7: 36-50

She has shown great love..
“One of the Pharisees asked Jesus to eat with him, and he went into the Pharisee’s house and took his place at the table. And a woman in the city, who was a sinner, having learned that he was eating in the Pharisee’s house, brought an alabaster jar of ointment. She stood behind him at his feet, weeping, and began to bathe his feet with her tears and to dry them with her hair. Then she continued kissing his feet and anointing them with the ointment.

Now when the Pharisee who had invited him saw it, he said to himself, ‘If this man were a prophet, he would have known who and what kind of woman this is who is touching him that she is a sinner.’ Jesus spoke up and said to him, ‘Simon, I have something to say to you.’ ‘Teacher,’ he replied, ‘speak.’ ‘A certain creditor had two debtors; one owed five hundred denarii, and the other fifty. When they could not pay, he cancelled the debts for both of them. Now which of them will love him more?’ Simon answered, ‘I suppose the one for whom he cancelled the greater debt.’ And Jesus said to him, ‘You have judged rightly.’ Then turning towards the woman, he said to Simon, ‘Do you see this woman? I entered your house; you gave me no water for my feet, but she has bathed my feet with her tears and dried them with her hair. You gave me no kiss, but from the time I came in she has not stopped kissing my feet. You did not anoint my head with oil, but she has anointed my feet with ointment. Therefore, I tell you, her sins, which were many, have been forgiven; hence she has shown great love. But the one to whom little is forgiven, loves little.’ Then he said to her, ‘Your sins are forgiven.’ But those who were at the table with him began to say among themselves, ‘Who is this who even forgives sins?’ And he said to the woman, ‘Your faith has saved you; go in peace.’ ”
Luke 7:36-50

Reflection of the Week

We all are in debt
In today’s Gospel, Jesus is visiting a certain town, he is been ministering in the area, and so one of the local religious leaders hosts a dinner for him at his house. Simon the Pharisee is the host. Simon invites some of the prominent citizens to the dinner, the good people that we would like to have at a dinner for the visiting teacher.

An uninvited guest and her actions
But then somebody else shows up, an uninvited guest. She is a woman, and she too has heard of Jesus. And now she crashes the party. She is really eager to be where Jesus is and to show him her extreme gratitude. She does some extraordinary things: She gets down by Jesus’ feet, and, weeping, she wets his feet with her tears and wipes them with her hair! She even kisses his feet and anoints them with some perfumed oil! This woman is really going overboard with her love and appreciation for Jesus!

A sinful woman
But now here is the real shocker: The woman who is doing this- -not only is she an uninvited guest but she was a known sinful woman! She had a bad reputation. So who is she to crash this party and get near our honoured guest and make such a scene? She should not be here, mixing with all the good religious folk.
 
Simon’s reaction
Simon is thinking something about Jesus. How come Jesus is letting this sinful woman come near him and do these things? If he were really a prophet sent from God, he would know about this woman, and he would not let her near him. Simon the Pharisee has been evaluating the visiting teacher, and he comes to a conclusion about him. He rejects Jesus, because he lets a sinner get next to him and welcomes her display of love.

Simon accused Jesus of the very thing he himself was guilty of – spiritual blindness…! He was blind to his need; she saw her need. Simon saw her past, but Jesus saw her future

Jesus’ response
Jesus knows what Simon is thinking, and so he explains what is going on by way of a story. Two people owe money. One has a certain size debt, the other has a bigger debt, but they both are in debt. And they both are unable to pay. But the one to whom they owe their debts--the money-lender decides to cancel the debts of both. It does not matter how big the debt, what matters is that it is forgiven, purely by the generosity of the lender.

It may look like some of us are bigger sinners than others and even the respectable people, are still sinners. We are still in need of God’s for-giveness. We all are debtors before God, good and bad alike, and we are all alike unable to pay.

> Jesus looked beyond the woman’s body and saw her soul. He saw her in a way no other man had.
> Jesus looked beyond her act and saw her intent. Repentance and true gratitude and worship.
> Jesus looked beyond her sin and saw her faith. Repentance and faith bring salvation…!
> Jesus looked beyond her past and saw her future "go into peace…"

God’s forgiveness
The only thing that will work is God’s forgiveness, and that is freely given to big debtors and little debtors alike. Only do not pretend that you are not a debtor! Do not think that you do not need forgiveness, that you do not need a Saviour. And do not look down your nose at those really bad sinners that God chooses to forgive.

Ref: http://www.freerepublic.com/


Jesus proved He was a prophet by His ability to supernaturally know Simon's thoughts…! 
The woman's sins were open, 
Simon's sins were hidden; 
Simon's sins involved the flesh, hers

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8th September
Feast of the birth of
The Blessed Virgin Mary

Readings: 2 Corinthians 4:1-6 & Luke 8:16-21

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Saint of the Week

5th September
Mother Teresa of Calcutta


Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Macedonia, on August 26, 1910. Her family was of Albanian descent. At the age of twelve, she felt strongly the call of God. She knew she had to be a missionary to spread the love of Christ. At the age of eighteen she left her parental home in Skopje and joined the Sisters of Loreto, an Irish community of nuns with missions in India. After a few months' training in Dublin she was sent to India, where on May 24, 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun.

From 1931 to 1948 Mother Teresa taught at St. Mary's High School in Calcutta, but the suffering and poverty she glimpsed outside the convent walls made such a deep impression on her that in 1948 she received permission from her superiors to leave the convent school and devote herself to working among the poorest of the poor in the slums of Calcutta. Although she had no funds, she depended on Divine Providence, and started an open-air school for slum children. Soon she was joined by voluntary helpers, and financial support was also forthcoming. This made it possible for her to extend the scope of her work.

On October 7, 1950, Mother Teresa received permission from the Holy See to start her own order, "The Missionaries of Charity", whose primary task was to love and care for those persons nobody was prepared to look after. In 1965 the Society became an International Religious Family by a decree of Pope Paul VI.

Today the order comprises Active and Contemplative branches of Sisters and Brothers in many countries. In 1963 both the Contemplative branch of the Sisters and the Active branch of the Brothers was founded. In 1979 the Contemplative branch of the Brothers was added, and in 1984 the Priest branch was established.

The Society of Missionaries has spread all over the world, including the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. They provide effective help to the poorest of the poor in a number of countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and they undertake relief work in the wake of natural catastrophes such as floods, epidemics, and famine, and for refugees. The order also has houses in North America, Europe and Australia, where they take care of the shut-ins, alcoholics, homeless, and AIDS sufferers.

The Missionaries of Charity throughout the world are aided and assisted by Co-Workers who became an official International Association on March 29, 1969. By the 1990s there were over one million Co-Workers in more than 40 countries. Along with the Co-Workers, the lay Missionaries of Charity try to follow Mother Teresa's spirit and charism in their families.

Mother Teresa's work has been recognised and acclaimed throughout the world and she has received a number of awards and distinctions, including the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize (1971) and the Nehru Prize for her promotion of international peace and understanding (1972). She also received the Balzan Prize (1979) and the Templeton and Magsaysay awards.

From Nobel Lectures, Peace 1971-1980, Editor-in-Charge Tore Frängsmyr, Editor Irwin Abrams, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 1997

This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and re-published in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.

Mother Teresa died on September 5, 1997.

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The Maronites and Lebanon (26)
The Ottomans era (5)

The move to Bkerky
Prince Bashir II

The Shihabs succeeded the Maans in 1697. They originally lived in the Hawran region of south-western Syria and settled in Wadi at Taim in southern Lebanon. The most prominent among them was Bashir II, who in many ways was much like his predecessor, Fakhr al Din II, wanting a strong and independent Lebanon. Bashir was an ultra-liberal, his palace contained a mosque and a chapel, he himself was a Maronite Christian by baptism, Muslim by matrimony, and Druze by convenience rather than by conviction.

Under Bashir II, as conditions slightly improved, The Maronites stood now in expectation of finding glory after their long history of suffering and tribulation. Wadi Kannoubine was where the Patriarch took refuge during the period of great hardship, which lasted 383 years, from 1440 to 1823. As peace slowly returned, the Patriarchs envisaged the transfer of their seat to Dimane, Bkerke in winter. The first Patriarch to consider such a move was Youssef HOBAISH, who occupied a house overlooking the valley and belonging to a partner in ownership of a farm west of the village. But the first to act on the idea was Patriarch Hanna EL HAJJ, who built the Patriarchal residence in Dimane now known as the Old Residence, in the center of the village, while near it he erected the church of St John-Maron, now the parish Church. The present residence was the work of Patri-arch Elias HOAYEK, who laid the founda-tion stone on September 28, 1899.

In 1703, cloister of Bkerke was built by Sheikh Khattar EL KHAZEN. It had a little Church with a presbytery alongside. In 1730, it was taken in charge by the Antonine order. In 1750, Bishop Germanos SAKR and Sister Hindyieh Oujaymeh took it as a house for the Congregation of the Sacred Heart. In 1779, an apostolic decree was issued dissolving the Congregation of the Sacred Heart and putting the house at the disposition of the Maronite community for any useful purpose.

In 1786, the Maronite Synod of Bishops declared that Bkerke should be a dependency of the residence at Kannoubine. In 1890, Patriarch Hanna EL HAJJ restored it, adding part of the ground floor and the whole of the upper story. Brother Leonard, the Lazarist, was the architect. He also planned the residence at Dimane.

Ref: History of the Maronite Patriarchate
www opuslibani.org

Next Sunday: The Ottomans era (6) The end of the Ottomans era

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